Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare e LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) é um parasitóide polífago, que inviabiliza, principalmente, pupas de lepidópteros. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar o desenvolvimento do parasitóide em pupas de Bobyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) expostas a uma, nove, 18, 27, 36, 45 ou 54 fêmeas de P. elaeisis, respectivamente. As fêmeas do parasitóide permaneceram em contato com as pupas por 24 horas em tubos de vidro (14,0 x 2,2 cm), acondicionadas em câmara climatizada regulada a 25 ± 2°C, 70 ± 10% de UR e fotofase de 12 horas. Com exceção da densidade 1:1 (72,72%), nas demais densidades o parasitismo foi 100%. Adultos de P. elaeisis não emergiram nas densidades de 1:1 e 9:1, mas observou-se 100% de emergência do parasitóide na densidade 45:1 e 54,54% em 54:1. A duração do ciclo de vida desse parasitóide variou de 20 a 28 dias. P. elaeisis produziu de 49 a 589 descendentes por pupa de B. mori. A razão sexual de P. elaeisis variou de 0,93 ± 0,01 a 0,97 ± 0,01 sem diferenças nas densidades de 18, 27, 36, 45 e 54 fêmeas/hospedeiro. Esse parasitóide deve ser criado na densidade de 45 fêmeas por pupa de B. mori.

Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a gregarious and polyphagous parasitoid mainly of Lepidoptera pupae. The objective of this paper as to study the developent of parasitoid on Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) pupae exposed to one, nine, 18, 27, 36, 45 or 54 female P. elaeisis, respectively. The females of the parasitoid remained in contact with pupae for 24 hours in glass tubes (14.0 x 2.2 cm), packed in a climatic chamber regulated at 25 ± 2°C, 70 ± 10% relative humidity and photo phase of 12 hours. With the exception of density 1:1 (72.72%), in other densities parasitism was 100%. Adults of P. elaeisis did not emerge from pupae at densities of 1:1 and 9:1, but 100.0% of parasitoid emergence was observed at the density of 45:1 and 54.54% at 54:1. The duration of the life cycle of this parasitoid ranged from 20 to 28 days. P. elaeisis produced 49 to 589 descendants per pupa of B. mori. The sex ratio of P. elaeisis ranged from 0.93 ± 0.01 to 0.97 ± 0.01 without differences with 18, 27, 36, 45 and 54 females/host. This parasitoid should be reared with the density of 45 females per pupa of B. mori.

A mariposa marrom Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll, 1872) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) é uma praga importante em plantios de eucalipto no Brasil. Um indivíduo ginandromorfo de T. arnobia foi encontrado em uma população desta praga em criação de laboratório e descrito nesta nota.

The brown moth Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll, 1872) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is an important pest in Brazilian eucalyptus plantations. A gynandromorph individual of T. arnobia was found in a population of this pest in a laboratory rearing and it is described.

De marzo de 1987 a febrero de 1992 se realizó un monitoreo con trampas luminosas en plantaciones de Eucalyptus grandis en Bom Despacho, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se recolectaron 547 especies del orden Lepidoptera: plagas primarias: 13; plagas secundarias: 20; especies sin importancia definida para el cultivo de eucalipto: 79; y especies no identificadas: 435. Estos cuatro grupos tuvieron medias de 5231.29; 338,18; 438.16 y 2222.87 individuos por trampa respectivamente, para un total de 8229.87 lepidopteros recolectados por trampa. Durante los cinco años hubo un aumento del número de especies de los grupos III y IV. Las plagas primarias con mayor número de individuos fueron Thyrinteina arnobia Stoll y Stenalcidia sp. (Geometridae), con las mayores frecuencias para los meses más secos y fríos del año. Psorocampa denticulata Schaus (Notodontidae) fue más abundante en los periodos más lluviosos. La probabilidad de brotes de larvas desfoliadoras de eucalipto, principalmente T. arnobia, es alta en la región. Se recomienda hacer el monitoreo de lepidópteros plaga en los periodos más secos y fríos del año, cuando pueden presentar picos poblacionales.

Lepidoptera species were monitored in a plantation of Eucalyptus grandis in the Municipality of Bom Despacho, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil from March 1987 to February 1992. A total of 547 species were collected and divided in: primary pests: 13; secondary pests: 20; species without defined importance to eucalyptus: 79; and non-identified species: 435. These four groups had a mean of 5231.29; 338.18; 438.16 and 2222.87 individuals with a total of 8229.87 individuals collected per trap. The number of species without defined importance to eucalyptus, and non-identified species, increased during the collecting period of five years while those of primary and secondary pests showed similar numbers in all years. The most collected primary pests Thyrinteina arnobia Stoll and Stenalcidia sp. (Geometridae) showed higher frequencies during the driest and coldest periods of the year, whereas Psorocampa denticulata Schaus (Notodontidae) was most frequent during periods of higher rainfall. Species of groups III and IV increased in diversity with eucalyptus age. This area has a high probability of outbreaks of eucalyptus defoliating caterpillars, especially T. arnobia. For this reason, lepidopteran pests should be monitored in this plantation during the driest and coldest periods of the year, when they can reach population peaks. Rev. Biol. Trop. 54(2): 553-560. Epub 2006 Jun 01.

The stinkbug Supputius cincticeps (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) can be found in agricultural and forest ecosystems feeding primarily on larvae of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, where it can be exposed to insecticide applications. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the reproductive potential of'S. cincticeps after exposition to sublethal doses of permethrin (5.74 x 10-3, 5.74 x 10-2, 5.74 x 10-1, 5.74 and 57.44 ppb) through the use of a fertility life table. The development cycle of this predator was determined in order to calculate its net reproductive rate (R0), the infinitesimal (r m) and finite (λ) rates of increase in addition to mean generation time (T). The net reproductive (18.31), infinitesimal (r m) (0.050) and finite (λ) (1.051) rates of increase were higher, while generation time (57.93 days) was shorter for S. cincticeps exposed to 5.74x10-1 ppb of permethrin than in the control. This indicates a higher rate of population increase of this predator when exposed to this permethrin dose

O desenvolvimento de lagartas de Thyrinteina arnobia Stoll (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), em folhas de eucalipto, Eucalyptus urophylla (Myrtaceae), e de goiaba, Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) foi estudado em laboratório. A menor duração do período larval (27 dias) foi obtida para machos alimentados com folhas de goiaba, e a maior, para machos e fêmeas alimentados com folhas de eucalipto (37 dias). A mortalidade de lagartas foi mais acentuada no primeiro ínstar, em ambas as dietas, sendo que em goiaba, a mortalidade aconteceu somente neste ínstar. Em folhas de goiaba, todos os machos apresentaram somente cinco ínstares, com razão sexual de 0,6 ou seja, aproximadamente 0,63 macho por fêmea. Esse resultado diferiu bastante daquele obtido em folhas de eucalipto, com razão sexual de 0,3, correspondendo a 2,4 machos por fêmea e indicando que 70,6% dos indivíduos que atingiram a fase adulta foram machos. Na dieta com eucalipto, mais da metade dos machos apresentaram seis ínstares. A largura da cápsula cefálica foi maior em lagartas alimentadas com folhas de goiaba, apresentando resultados significativos do terceiro ao sexto ínstar, em relação às alimentadas com folhas de eucalipto. Este resultado mostrou que os indivíduos alimentados com folhas de goiaba foram mais robustos e vigorosos que aqueles alimentados com folhas de eucalipto. Esta característica, aliada à maior viabilidade e à menor duração do período larval, sugerem que folhas de goiaba sejam um substrato mais adequado à criação de T. arnobia que folhas de E. uroplylla. É possível que T. arnobia, devido ao pouco tempo que está alimentando-se em eucalipto pode não se encontrar, ainda, perfeitamente, adaptada a esse hospedeiro.

The development of Thyrinteina arnobia Stoll (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) caterpillars fed either on Eucalyptus urophylla or Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) leaves was studied in laboratory. The first instar was the most critical for survival of this insect in both diets. Shortest larval period (27 days) was obtained for males on guava leaves, with the longest one for caterpillars which originated females or males with E. urophylla leaves (37 days). No insects feeding on guava leaves which originated males reached six instar while the sexual ratio with this diet was 0.6. With E. urophylla leaves, 58.3% of males presented six instars with a sexual ratio of 0.3. The width of head capsules of the caterpillars, for both sexes, was significantly different in both diets, being bigger for those fed with guava leaves, with rates of 4.3; 6.2; 10.0 and 13.0%, from the second to the fifth instar, respectively. This rate reached 28.0% in the sixth instar, corresponding to an increase of 113.0% in relation to the previous instar, indicating that individuals fed on guava leaves are stronger and more vigorous than those fed on E. urophylla. Largest width of the head capsule was associated to high viability and short duration of the larval period for individuals fed on guava leaves what suggests that this diet is more suitable for rearing this insect. T. arnobia is a native pest of guava and probably it is not adapted to feed on Eucalyptus yet.

Avaliou-se o efeito da alimentação suplementar de folhas de Eucalyptus urophylla, no desenvolvimento e reprodução de Supputius cincticeps (Stal) em laboratório. S. cincticeps foi alimentado com Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) ou T. molitor mais mudas de E. urophylla. A inclusão da planta na alimentação de S. cincticeps, aumentou sua taxa líquida de reprodução Ro (de 7,15 para 24,05), a razão infinitesimal rm (de 0,034 para 0,052), e a razão finita de aumento populacional 1 (de 1,035 para 1,053), em relação ao uso isolado da presa. Conseguiu-se, ainda, aumentar os índices de sobrevivência, a longevidade e a expectativa de vida média para metade da população (ex50), sendo 50,8 e 64,9 dias para os percevejos alimentados com presa e com presa e planta, respectivamente. O predador S. cincticeps apresentou hábitos alimentares que incluem fitofagia e a inclusão da planta na sua dieta, foi vantajosa para a sua criação massal.

The effect of supplementary feeding of Supputius cincticeps (Stal) on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves was evaluated in the laboratory. S. cincticeps was fed with Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae or T. molitor larvae plus E. urophylla. The inclusion of this plant for S. cincticeps feeding increased its net reproductive rate (Ro) from 7.15 to 24.05, its infinitesimal ratio (rm) from 0.034 to 0.052, and the finite population increase (1) from 1.035 to 1.053, compared to feeding only with the prey. S. cincticeps fed both plant and prey showed higher survival rate, longevity, and life span for half of the population (ex50), which was 50.8 and 64.9 for bugs fed the prey, and prey and plant, respectively. The inclusion of the plant also increased the reproduction rate of S. cincticeps, thus being recommended for mass rearing of this predator.

Nymphs of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas, 1851) were fed with Zophobas confusa Gebien, 1906, Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) and Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Muscidae) under 25±0.5ºC, 60±10% of RH and photophase of 12h. Nymphal viability of P. nigrispinus were 64.0%, 80.0% and 92.0% with Z. confusa, M. domestica and T. molitor, respectively. No differences were found for pre-oviposition period, number of egg masses, number of eggs, egg viability, and longevity for females of this predator fed with any of these preys.

Egg viability and nymphal development of the predatory bug Supputius cincticeps (Stål, 1860) were evaluated during two generations in the Biological Control Laboratory of the Núcleo de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (Bioagro/UFV) in Viçosa (Minas Gerais, Brazil) at 24.72±1.10ºC and photophase of 12 hours. Three treatments were represented by S. cincticeps fed with Zophobas confusa Gebien, 1906, Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 and Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 larvae. Higher egg viability of this predator was found when the preys were Z. confusa and T. molitor, 74.46% and 80.91 %, than in M. domestica, 57.02%, but incubation period showed no differences between preys. Shorter nymphal development and higher nymphal viability were found with Z. confusa and T. molitor than with M. domestica. Higher weight increase was found for nymphs which originated males and females in the second generation specialy with the first two preys.

Avaliou-se a eficiência dos piretróides deltametrina e permetrina em lagartas e mariposas de Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) e Nystalea nyseus (Cramer, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Cinco pontos de amostragem foram estabelecidos em cada parcela e as avaliações feitas 24, 48 e 72 horas após a aplicação dos inseticidas. Após a última avaliação foi feita uma pulverização a alta dosagem nos pontos de amostragem e contado o número total de insetos remanescentes nesses pontos para permitir o cálculo da porcentagem de eficiência em relação à mortalidade da testemunha. Evidenciou-se rápida ação larvicida da deltametrina e permetrina contra as duas espécies desfolhadoras. Esses inseticidas contudo, não foram eficientes contra os adultos dessas espécies e mostraram baixa seletividade cm favor de outros insetos, principalmente moscas parasitóides.

The efficiency of deltamethrin and permethrin was evaluated against caterpillars and moths of the eucalyptus leaf caterpillars species Thyrinteina arnobia(Lepidoptera: Geometridae) and Nystalea nyseus (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Five sampling points were established in each experimental unit and the evaluations were performed after 24, 48 and 72 hours after insecticide aplication. A high dosage spraying was made after the last evaluation and the number of dead insects was counted in each sampling point and the efficiency (%) calculated in relation to the mortality in the control. It was observed a high and fast larvicidal effect of deltamethrin and permethrin against these defoliator species. These insecticides however, were not efficient against the adults of these species and showed low selectivity in relation to other insects, mainly parasitoid Hies.